07/01 Sun. Australian troops are landed at Balikpapan, Borneo, by naval attack group (Rear Adm. A. G. Noble); landing is covered by Allied naval gunfire and aircraft attack. Japanese naval vessel sunk: Coast defense vessel No. 72, by submarine HADDO (SS-255), Yellow Sea, 38 d. 08' N., 124 d. 38' E. 07/02 Mon. Submarine BARB (SS-220) bombards enemy installations at Kaihyo Island off the east coast of Karafuto; this is the first successful use of rockets against shore positions by a United States submarine. Japanese naval vessel sunk: Submarine chaser NO. 188, by mine, Sea of Japan, 33 d. 59'N., 130 d. 52'E. 07/03 Tue. Commander United States Naval Forces Germany (Vice Adm. R. L. Ghormley) establishes headquarters at Frankfurt am Main, Germany. United States naval vessel damaged: Oiler ASHTABULA (A0-51), by collision, Okinawa area, 25 d. 09'N., 128 d. 47'E. 07/05 Thu. General of the Army Douglas MacArthur announces the liberation of the Philippine Islands. United States naval vessel damaged: Destroyer SMITH (DD-378), accidentally by depth charge, Balikpapan area, Borneo, 01 d. 00'S., 117 d. 00'E. Japanese naval vessel sunk: Auxiliary submarine chaser NO. 37, by submarine LIZARDFISH (SS-373), off Java, Netherlands East Indies area, 08 d. 10'S., 114 d. 50'E. 07/09 Mon. United States naval vessel sunk: Motor minesweeper YMS-B4, by mine, Balikpapan area, Borneo, 01 d. 19'S., 116 d. 48'E. Japanese naval vessel sunk: Auxiliary submarine chaser NO. 50, by submarine BLUEFISH (SS-121), off Malaya, 02 d. 13'N., 105 d. 03'E. 07/10 Tue. Aircraft from fast carrier task force (Vice Adm. J. S. McCain) attack airfields on the Tokyo plain, Japan. United States naval vessel sunk: Submarine chaser SC-511, foundered, Solomon Islands area, 11 d. 03'S., 164 d. 50'E. United States naval vessel damaged: LST 1107, by grounding, Okinawa area, 26 d. 21'N., 126 d. 47'E. Japanese naval vessels sunk: Destroyer SAKURA, by mine, Sea of Japan, 35 d. 50'N., 135 d. 20'E. Minesweeper No. 27, by submarine RUNNER (SS-476), off northern Honshu, Japan, 39 d. 20'N., 142 d. 07'E. 07/12 Thu. United States naval vessel damaged: Submarine chaser PC-582, by grounding, Philippine Islands area, 11 d. 05'N., 125 d. 20'E. 07/13 Fri. Italy declares war on Japan. 07/14 Sat. Aircraft from fast carrier task force (Vice Adm. J. S. McCain) bomb shipping, rail facilities, and ground installations in northern Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan; attack is repeated on 15 July. Battleships, cruisers, and destroyers (Rear Adm. J. F. Shafroth) bombard the coastal city of Kamaishi, Honshu, Japan; this is the first naval gunfire bombardment of the Japanese homeland. United States naval vessels damaged: LST 684 and LST 816, by grounding, Okinawa area, 26 d. 12'N., 127 d. 57'E. Japanese naval vessels sunk: Destroyer TACHIBANA, by carrier-based aircraft, off northern Honshu, Japan, 41 d. 48'N., 140 d. 41'E. Submarine I-351, by submarine BLUEFISH (SS-222), off Borneo, 04 d. 30'N., 110 d. 00'E. Coast defense vessels NOs. 65 and 74, by carrier-based aircraft, off northern Honshu, Japan, 42 d. 21'N., 140 d. 59'E. 07/15 Sun. Battleships, cruisers, and destroyers (Rear Adm. O. C. Badger) bombard steel and iron works at Muroran on southern coast of Hokkaido, Japan. United States naval vessels damaged: Destroyer FLUSSER (DD-368), by collision, Balikpapan area, Borneo, 01 d. 27'S., 117 d. 00'E. Light minelayer THOMAS E. FRASER (DM-24), by collision, Okinawa area, 26 d. 13'N., 127 d. 50'E. Japanese naval vessels sunk: Minesweeper NO. 24, by carrier-based aircraft, off northern Honshu, Japan, 41 d. 38'N., 141 d. 00'E. Coast defense vessel NO. 219, by carrier-based aircraft, off northern Honshu, Japan, 41 d. 48'N., 140 d. 41'E. 07/16 Mon. First atomic bomb test is held at Alamogordo, N. Mex. Japanese naval vessels sunk: Submarine I-13, by aircraft (VC-13) from escort carrier ANZIO (CVE-57) and by destroyer escort LAWRENCE C. TAYLOR (DE-415), east of Japan, 34 d. 28'N., 150 d. 55'E. Torpedo boat KARI, by submarine BAYA (SS-318), Java Sea, 05 d. 48'S., 115'53'E. 07/17 Tue. Aircraft from fast carrier task force (Vice Ad. J. S. McCain) and British fast carrier task force (Vice Adm. H. B. Rawlings, RN) attack airfields in the Tokyo area, Japan. British force continues to operate as part of the United States Third Fleet (Adm. W. F. Halsey) until the termination of hostilities. Battleships, cruisers, and destroyers (Rear Adm. O. C. Badger) bombard industrialized Mito-Hitachi area, Honshu, Japan. 07/18 Wed. Aircraft from the fast carrier task forces of the Third Fleet (Adm. W. F. Halsey) strike Yokosuka Naval Base and airfields in the Tokyo area, Japan. Cruisers and destroyers (Rear Adm. C. F. Holden) bombard shore installations at Cape Nojima, Honshu, Japan. Carrier-based aircraft bomb Wake Island. United States naval vessel damaged: Transport GEORGE F. ELLIOTT (AP-105), by unknown cause, Okinawa area, 26 d. 14'N., 127 d. 50'E. Japanese naval vessel sunk: Coast defense vessel NO. 112, by submarine BARB (SS-220), off Karafuto, Japan, 46 d. 03'N., 142 d. 16'E. 07/19 Thu. United States naval vessel damaged: Destroyer THATCHER (DD-514), by suicide plane, Okinawa area, 26 d. 15'N., 127 d. 50'E. 07/20 Fri. Japanese naval vessel sunk: Minesweeper No. 39, by submarine THREADFIN (SS-41O), Yellow Sea, 35 d. 01'N., 125 d. 42'E. 07/21 Sat. United States naval vessel damaged: Attack transport MARATHON (APA-200), by piloted torpedo, Okinawa area, 26 d. 13'N., 127 d. 50'E. 07/22 Sun. Cruiser and destroyer task force (Rear Adm. J. H. Brown) bombard installations at Suribachi, Paramushiro, Kurile Islands. 07/23 Mon. Landing party from submarine Barb (SS-220) blows up an enemy train on east coast of Karafuto. Japanese naval vessel sunk: Submarine chaser NO. 227, by submarine HARDHEAD (SS-365), off Java, Netherlands East Indies, 08 d. 10'S., 115 d. 29'E. 07/24 Tue. Aircraft from the fast carrier task forces of the Third Fleet (Adm. W. F. Halsey) launch 2-day attack on the Inland Sea area, Japan, striking Kure Naval Base and airfields at Nagoya, Osaka, and Miho. United States naval vessel sunk: Destroyer escort UNDERHILL (DE-682), damaged by piloted torpedo, off Luzon, P. I., 19 d. 20'N., 126 d. 42'E,; sunk by United States forces. Japanese naval vessels sunk, Inland Sea area, Japan: Battleship HYUGA, by carrier-based aircraft, 34 d. 10' N.,132 d. 33'E. Battleship ISE, by carrier-based aircraft, 34 d. 12'N., 132 d. 31'E. Battleship HARUNA, by carrier-based aircraft, 34 d. 15' N.,132 d. 29'E. Escort carrier KAIYO, by carrier-based aircraft, Army aircraft and mine, 33 d. 21'N., 131 d. 32'E. Heavy cruiser AOBA, by carrier-based aircraft, 34 d. 13'N., 1332 d. 31'E/ Old heavy cruiser IWATE, by carrier-based aircraft, 34 d. 14'N., 132 d. 30'E. 07/25 Wed. Cruisers and destroyers (Rear Adm. J. C. Jones) bombard Kushimoto Seaplane Base and airfield near Shiono Misaki, Honshu, Japan. 07/26 Thu. Potsdam Declaration calling for unconditional surrender is delivered to Japan. United States naval vessel damaged: Destroyer LOWRY (DD-770), by explosion, Philippine Sea, 19 d. 30'N., 128 d. 00'E. 07/27 Fri. United States naval vessel damaged: Cargo ship GANYMEDE (AK-104), by collision, Philippine Islands area, 11 d. 11'N., 125 d. 05'E. Japanese naval vessel sunk: Transport NO. 176, by Army aircraft, off southern Kyushu, Japan, 31 d. 00'N., 130 d. 33'E. 07/28 Sat. Aircraft from fast carrier task forces of the Third Fleet (Adm. W. F. Halsey) strike Inland Sea area, between Nagoya, and Northern Kyushu, Japan; Kure Naval Base is the principal target. United States naval vessel sunk: Destroyer CALLAGHAN (DD-792), by suicide plane, Okinawa area, 25 d. 43'N., 126 d. 55'E.; CALLAGHAN is the last Allied vessel to be sunk by a suicide plane. United States naval vessel damaged: Destroyer PRICHETT (DD-561), by suicide plane, Okinawa area, 25 d. 43'N., 126 d. 56'E. Japanese naval vessels sunk, Inland Sea area, Japan: Aircraft carrier AMAGI, by carrier-based aircraft, 34 d. 11'N., 132 d. 30'E. Heavy cruiser TONE, by carrier-based aircraft, 34 d. 14'N., 132 d. 27'E. Old heavy cruiser IZUMO, by carrier-based aircraft, 34 d. 14'N., 132 d. 30'E. Light cruiser OYODO, by carrier-based aircraft, 34 d. 13'N., 132 d. 25'E. Destroyer NASHI, by carrier-based aircraft, 34 d. 14'N., 132 d. 30'E. Submarine I-372, by carrier-based aircraft, 33 d. 00'N., 133 d. 00'E. 07/29 Sun. Battleships, cruisers, and destroyers (Rear Adm. J. F. Shafroth) bombard shops, aircraft factory, and other facilities at Hamamatsu, Honshu, Japan. United States naval vessels damaged, Okinawa area: Destroyer CASSIN YOUNG (DD-793), by suicide plane, 26 d. 08'N., 127 d. 58'E. High-speed transport HORACE A. BASS (APD-124), by suicide plane, 26 d. 17'N., 127 d. 34'E. Japanese naval vessel sunk: Submarine chaser NO. 207, by Army aircraft, off Kyushu, Japan, 32 d. 00'N., 130 d. 00'E. 07/30 Mon. Aircraft from fast carrier task forces of the Third Fleet (Adm. W. F. Halsey) bomb airfields and industrial targets in central Honshu, Japan. United States naval vessels sunk: Heavy cruiser INDIANAPOLIS (CA-35), by submarine torpedo, Philippine Sea, 12 d. 02'N., 134 d. 48'E. Submarine BONEFISH (SS-223), Pacific Ocean area, reported as presumed lost. Japanese naval vessels sunk, Sea of Japan: Destroyer HATSUSHIMO, by mine, 35 d. 33'N., 135 d. 12'E. Frigate OKINAWA, by carrier-based aircraft, 35 d. 30' N., 135 d. 21'E. 07/31 Tue. Destroyers bombard railroad yards and industrial area of Shimuzu, Japan. United States naval vessel damaged: Destroyer BANCROFT (DD-598), by collision, Luzon area, P. I., 14 d. 50'N., 120 d. 15'E.